Universal Kernel

The object of size 84

Stabilizer C2C_2 and automorphism group C2×C2C_2\times C_2: three involutions, each named by its quotient class.

d0
The object of size 84 as the arcs of the Coxeter graph, three leaving each of its 28 vertices; here the three leaving d0d_0.

Its incarnations

The seam table names the object in each of the five theories that meet the group. Every entry there is built.

Fano plane
quadrangles with an ordered pair of vertices
Projective line
pairs of disjoint pairs, cross-ratio {2,4}\{2,4\}
The group
involutions with a Sylow 3-subgroup they normalize
Klein quartic
centres with one of the four bitangents through them
Graphs
arcs of the Coxeter graph

The seams between two incarnations form a torsor under NG(H)/HN_G(H)/H, a group of order 4, so there are 4 of them.

The fifteen objects

168184C256C324C742C41G28S3anchored observers14A4b7S4bvantage lines7S4aclocks14A4a21D842V4b42V4a87:3the sky
The object on the line of sizes. In ink, the objects it maps onto; in blue, those that map onto it. Dots count each object’s automorphisms, and dashed brackets join the pairs with one permutation character.
Proposition

NG(C2)N_G(C_2) is a dihedral group of order 8, so the automorphism group is C2×C2C_2\times C_2, abelian, and its identification with the automorphisms of every incarnation is canonical. D8D_8 has exactly three subgroups of order 4 containing its centre, one in each of the classes C4C_4, V4aV_4^a and V4bV_4^b, so the three involutions have these quotient classes, and the quotient class names the involution. The power is not available, since an involution tt has CG(t)≠⟨t⟩C_G(t)\neq\langle t\rangle.

Example

Quadrangles of the Fano plane with an ordered pair of vertices; pairs of disjoint pairs of P1(F7)\Proj^1(\F_7) with cross-ratio {2,4}\{2,4\}; involutions together with a Sylow 3-subgroup that they normalize; centres of involutions with one of the four bitangents through them; arcs of the Coxeter graph; the points of the Klein quartic with stabilizer C2C_2, the midpoints of the edges of Klein’s map; pairs of Coxeter vertices at distance 2; the 10-cycles of the Coxeter and Heawood graphs; and one orbit of 12-cycles of the Coxeter graph.

Proposition(Natural involutions of the object of size 84) computed

Reversing a Coxeter arc and pairing the four bitangents at a centre into Coxeter edges both have quotient class C4C_4, and the seam sending a centre cc with a bitangent ℓ\ell to the Coxeter arc from the vertex of ℓ\ell to its neighbour fixed by the involution with centre cc matches them. Replacing a Sylow 3-subgroup by the one generating GG with it is C4C_4, and by the one generating an A4A_4 of class aa or bb is V4aV_4^a or V4bV_4^b; exchanging the ordered pair of vertices of a quadrangle is V4aV_4^a; passing to the other pairing of four points of P1(F7)\Proj^1(\F_7) with cross-ratio {2,4}\{2,4\} is C4C_4.

Remark

No conjugacy class of elements or of subgroups is an incarnation of it.

Example

In Thurston’s congruence link complement it is the tetrahedra with one of their edges, in two orbits, one for each class of tetrahedra. Over it the double cover adds no new object: an involution lifts to an element of order 4 whose square is −I-I.