The seven lines
The object of size 7, stabilizer , one class of 7 subgroups · rigid · in the program, vantage lines
Stabilizer , rigid: the lines of the Fano plane, its complete quadrangles and the quaternion subalgebras of the octonions.
Its incarnations
The seam table names the object in each of the five theories that meet the group. Every entry there is built.
- Fano plane
- lines; complete quadrangles
- Projective line
- bisection and its orbit; perfect matchings in the orbit of
- The group
- subgroups , ,
- Klein quartic
- conics for ; self-polar triangles from
- Graphs
- Coxeter ‘s of antiflags with a common line
The stabilizer is its own normalizer, so between any two incarnations there is exactly one seam, and the seams agree. The object the seven points has the same permutation character, yet for one marking no seam joins the two.
Which class is which depends on the marking. The outer automorphism exchanges each class with its class , so the points and the lines of the Fano plane are assigned their classes only once the group of the plane is identified with the group of the projective line. The seam table and this journal’s labels use the identification of Seams, under which the points are class . The volume’s own chart, its table of observers and pairs in Chapter X, uses the other: there the stabilizer of the clock 1 fixes the bisection , which lies in class . Read in that chart, the names exchange: the clocks are class and the lines class , and so on for and .
The fifteen objects
is self-normalizing, so the object is rigid. The stabilizer of a line fixes no point of the plane and has orbits of sizes 3 and 4 on the points; Galois’s seven-point action of recovers the lines as the images of the 3-orbit.
The lines of the Fano plane, and its complete quadrangles; the bisection of and its orbit, and the perfect matchings in the orbit of ; the subgroups , and ; the conics for and the self-polar triangles from in Klein’s plane; the ’s of Coxeter vertices whose antiflags have a common line; and the quaternion subalgebras of the octonions.
The complement of each line is a complete quadrangle whose three diagonal points are the points of that line, and is an equivariant bijection from the lines to the quadrangles. This is the imprint of the failure of Fano’s axiom in characteristic 2: the Fano plane is completed by the line of its three perfect matchings.
In Thurston’s congruence link complement it is the complementary pairs of tetrahedra of class , the lines of the Fano plane of the cells. In the lattice of class , modulo , the only invariant plane has nonzero vectors of class , the module of the lines, as do the points of Klein’s reduced at the prime over .
- Concepts
- stabilizer classmarkingrigid objectseam over an automorphismrefuteddescriptionforced gapGalois gapwindowimprintreductionlifedouble lifetype lawcompletionseam theory
- In the Esquisse
- 1Un objet, plusieurs noms2L’espace en creux3La table des sutures du groupe d’ordre 1685Courte marche à travers la théorie de Galois6Quatre groupes à double vie7La trinité de Galois8La famille de Weyl9Immeubles et réseaux10La table en deux, en sept et à l’infini12Où se rencontrent les deux parents15La tour assemblée16Une loi de réciprocité17L’écart de Galois19Une formule du produitÉp.L’horizon : dessins d’enfants